口译中出现漏译和错译的原因有什么呢?

TIME:2021-08-31 | WRITER:admin

  口译中容易出现的主要问题是漏译和错译，那么出现漏译和错译的原因有什么呢?下面敏言翻译人工给大家分享：

  The main problems in interpretation are omission and mistranslation. What are the reasons for the omission and mistranslation? Let's share with you:

  一、记笔记贪多贪全

  1、 Taking notes is greedy

  考生记笔记往往是前面记得很详细，后面来不及，因此翻译出来的东西是虎头蛇尾。笔记不宜过多，过多的笔记会干扰对大意的把握，特别是英译汉部分。一般来说，口译笔记应记录一些重要的概念、逻辑关系以及一些孤立的、难以记忆的内容，比如数字、专有名词等。

  Examinees often remember the notes in detail at the front, but not in time at the back, so what they translate is a tiger's head and a snake's tail. Too many notes are not suitable. Too many will interfere with the grasp of the general idea, especially in the English-Chinese translation. Generally speaking, interpretation notes should record some important concepts, logical relations and some isolated and hard to remember contents, such as numbers, proper nouns, etc.

  二、“卡”在生词

  2、 New words of "card"

  一段录音中往往总是有一些难词或生词，许多考生就“卡”住了，没有跳过去听完全文，而继续停留在这一个词上，结果影响了对全文的理解。

  There are always some difficult words or new words in a recording. Many examinees just "stuck" and didn't jump to the end of the whole text, but continued to stay on this word, which affected the understanding of the whole text.

  一般来说，口译段落中难词或生词的意思很容易从上下文中猜出。

  Generally speaking, it is easy to guess the meaning of difficult words or new words in interpreting paragraphs from the context.

  三、“卡”在长句

  3、 "Card" in the long sentence

  口译考试针对的是正式场合的翻译，因此英语的句子有时会很长，有时一段话只是一句句子。平常要注意书中的定语从句和包含分词短语的长句。

  Interpretation test is aimed at the translation of formal occasions, so English sentences can sometimes be very long, sometimes a paragraph is just a sentence. Usually we should pay attention to the attributive clauses and long sentences containing participle phrases.

  另外，考生可以调整句子的排序，只要把意思表达清楚就可以了。

  In addition, candidates can adjust the order of sentences, as long as the meaning is expressed clearly.

  四、不熟悉口音

  4、 Unfamiliar with accent

  试题往往采用英语母语国家各种人员的录音，考生如果听录音少，就会感觉不适应。考生要熟悉连读、爆破等语音知识，平常要多听录音和看原版片和中央电视台的SUNDAY TOPICS，上海电视台的NEWS AT TEN等。

  The test questions are often recorded by all kinds of people in the native English speaking countries. If the candidates listen to less recordings, they will feel uncomfortable. Candidates should be familiar with such phonetic knowledge as continuous reading and blasting. Usually, they should listen to the recording and watch the original film, Sunday topics of CCTV, news at ten of Shanghai TV, etc.

  五、不熟悉听力内容

  5、 Not familiar with listening content

  不熟悉听力内容，就导致思考的时间太长、无法在规定时间里完成翻译。口译考试相当于小型的口译实战，因此考生应注意观摩和学习口译案例，如观看记者招待会和一些英语访谈节目，如DIALOGUE。

  Not familiar with the listening content will lead to too long thinking time and unable to complete the translation within the prescribed time. The interpretation test is equivalent to a small-scale interpretation practice, so candidates should pay attention to observing and learning interpretation cases, such as watching press conferences and some English interview programs, such as dialogue.

  六、欠流利

  6、 Under fluency

  “汉译英” 表现尤为明显，原因是英语不流利，不停地修正自己的发音和用词，以至于耽误了时间。练好口语是第一步。

  "Chinese to English" performance is particularly obvious, because English is not fluent, constantly revise their pronunciation and use of words, so as to delay the time. Practicing oral English is the first step.

  七、词汇量不够

  7、 Insufficient vocabulary

  汉译英和英译汉中都会出现因词汇量不够翻译不好，英译汉多表现在“漏译”，英译汉多表现在“死译”。口译者并不要求能懂每一个单词，关键在于能使原文意思清晰准确传达出来。著名口译专家达妮卡?塞莱丝科维奇在她的书中这样提到：“译文实际上是解释性的翻译，是译员对原讲话的一种解释和注释，…以易于接受的方法转达给听者。”译员在翻译时，是再现说话人的思想，而不是对原文的文字进行一一对应。另外，考生要注意平时的积累，阅读CHINA DAILY, TIME, BEIJING REVIEW, SHANGHAI DAILY，SHANGHAI STAR, NEWSWEEK等报刊对提高词汇将大有裨益。

  In both Chinese-English translation and English-Chinese translation, there will be poor translation due to the lack of vocabulary. Interpreters do not need to be able to understand every word, the key is to make the original meaning clear and accurate. In her book, Danica seleskovitch, a famous interpreter, points out that "translation is actually an interpretive translation, an interpretation and annotation of the original speech by an interpreter In an acceptable way. " In translation, the translator is to reproduce the speaker's thoughts, rather than to correspond the original text one by one. In addition, candidates should pay attention to their usual accumulation. Reading China Daily, time, Beijing review, Shanghai Daily, Shanghai Star, Newsweek and other newspapers will be helpful to improve their vocabulary.

  八、心理紧张

  8、 Psychological tension

  很多考生由于紧张，连中文都会听错，平常多做一些模考和实考题会帮助你逐渐克服心理紧张，另外，练习公众演讲会帮助你在压力下发挥正常。

  Many examinees will hear Chinese wrong because of their nervousness. Usually, doing more model tests and real tests will help you overcome your psychological nervousness gradually. In addition, practicing public speaking will help you play normally under pressure.

  九、多米诺骨牌效应

  9、 Domino effect

  大部分考生在做英译汉第一段时都特别紧张，没听懂原意翻得不好，影响了后面的情绪。如抱着放弃第一段的心理，把注意力放在“听懂”而不是“翻译”，这样非常有利于把握这一篇的大意，考生便能预测下文将出现什么，这将保证下面几段译文的质量。

  Most of the candidates are very nervous when they do the first paragraph of English-Chinese translation. They fail to understand the original meaning well, which affects the mood behind them. If you give up the psychology of the first paragraph and focus on "understanding" rather than "translation", it is very helpful to grasp the general idea of this article. The examinee can predict what will happen next, which will ensure the quality of the following translation.

  十、“语不惊人死不休”的心理

  10、 The psychology of "no surprise, no end"

  有些考生程度不错，但口译的时候由于总是想用一些特别优美的词，因此耗费了时间，虽然某个单句听上去不错，但由于时间的安排不合理，可能后面就要出现漏译。口译的标准是“准、顺、快”，做口译练习时，一定要按照这个标准进行练习。关键是信息的准确。另外，口译考的是“技能”，而技能的获得是*日积月累的努力，希望考生把功夫花在平时，打好基础，取得好成绩。

  Some candidates are good at interpreting, but they always want to use some beautiful words, so they spend time. Although a single sentence sounds good, it may be missed later because of the unreasonable arrangement of time. The standard of interpretation is "accurate, smooth and fast". When doing interpretation practice, we must practice according to this standard. The key is the accuracy of information. In addition, the interpretation test is about "skills", and the acquisition of skills is a cumulative effort. I hope that candidates will spend their time in normal times, lay a good foundation and achieve good results.